IntroductionFlax is a herbaceous plant with the scientific name of Linum usitatissimum L. The origin of this plant is reported to be the western Mediterranean. Flax is one of the most important oily and medicinal plants with wide compatibility and multiple uses. Waterlogging stress is one of the abiotic stresses that has received little attention despite the fact that it causes a lot of damage to the crop.Materials and methodsIn this study, 100 flax cultivars were studied. The mentioned cultivars were planted in a greenhouse as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design to investigate genetic diversity and select the best cultivars in terms of yield and other morphological traits. First, flax seeds were planted in drainage pots containing field soil and aerated sand in a ratio of 2:1. Soil-related measurements including field capacity (FC) and soil electrical conductivity (EC) were performed. Waterlogging stress was applied in four-leaf stage. For two weeks, the pots that were in normal condition were irrigated according to the field capacity of the soil and the pots that were under stress were irrigated more than the field capacity of the soil. The main purpose of this study was to identify Waterlogging-resistant flax genotypes using all indices simultaneously and also to identify high-yield genotypes under Waterlogging stress and non-stress conditions. MP, STI, GMP, YI, DRI, YSI, SSI, TOL and β indices were calculated and finally tolerant and sensitive genotypes were identified by stress Tolerance score (STS) index. STS equation for the raw data is not accurate. All indices in STS equation were standardized according to equation 10. All calculations were performed using SPSS software version 22 and Excel.Results and discussionThere was a significant correlation between Ys and Yp. TOL, STI, MP and GMP indices with positive and significant correlation with performance under normal conditions and STI, MP, GMP, YI and DRI with performance under normal conditions. Dendrogram was drawn based on stress Tolerance score. Flax genotypes were divided into 4 groups: resistant, semi-resistant, semi-susceptible and susceptible. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the accuracy of grouping between groups and there was a significant difference between the groups. According to the stress Tolerance score index, genotypes 364, 352, 286, 370 and 172 were identified as waterlogging tolerant genotypes in this study and genotypes 263, 269, 295, 325 and 108 were the most sensitive genotypes. According to the stress Tolerance score index, genotypes 364, 352, 286, 370 and 172 were submerged as stress tolerant genotypes. These genotypes are predicted to be used as donors of waterlogging Tolerance genes. Research findings also indicate that tolerant genotypes ultimately lead to higher production and yields than other genotypes in conditions of heavy rainfall and prolonged waterlogging. These genotypes can also be used in breeding programs based on hybridization and identification of QTLs associated with waterlogging Tolerance.ConclusionsThey were overwhelmed by tension. According to the stress Tolerance score, genotypes 364, 352, 286, 370 and 172 were identified as flood tolerant genotypes in this study and genotypes 263, 269, 295, 325 and 108 were the most sensitive genotypes.

In the present study, the effect of swim stress on morphine-induced Tolerance was investigated in mice using formalin test. In this respect, intraperitoneal administration of different doses of morphine (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent antinociception in both acute and chronic phases of the formalin test. In addition, an exposure to swim stress 2 or 3 times for 3 consecutive days was performed in order to induce Tolerance. This exercise decreased morphine-induced antinociception. Meanwhile, morphine administration (25 mg/kg) for 3 days in the presence of swim stress (for two to three times) potentiated Tolerance induced by morphine in both phases of the formalin test. Administration of a higher dose of morphine (50 mg/kg) for 3 days in the presence of swim stress did not alter morphine-induced Tolerance in both phases of the test. On the other hand, administration of the latter dose of morphine for 3 days in the absence of swim stress decreased morphine-induced antinociception in both phases of the formalin test. It can be concluded that there may be a cross interaction between morphineinduced antinociception and swim stress.

This study carries the evaluation of Tolerance of sixteen plants against pollution. These plants have been selected and assessed for several phyto-socio-economic (tree height, canopy, type of tree, laminar structure, hardiness and economic value) and biochemical qualities (pH, Relative water content (R), Ascorbic acid (AA), Chlorophyll a (Chl a), (Chl b), Carotenoids (Car) and total Chlorophyll (TC)) and tested for Air pollution Tolerance index (APTI) and Expected performance index (EPI) and then EPI score used as grades of plants (Not Recommended, Very poor, Poor, Moderate, Good, Very good, Excellent and Best Plus Plant). Statistical analysis tool like correlation matrix among plant parameters and ANNOA test has been applied to understand the relationship among plant parameters and plant species. The best EPI score means best suited plant for the area for plantation and green belt development while plant with lower EPI may be used as bioindicators for the pollution because they are very sensitive for the air pollution.

Introduction and Objective: In semi-arid areas such as a large part of Iran, due to rainfall unfavorable distribution and temperature sudden increase in time of grain filling, soil moisture decrease is considered as one of the most important factors in the reduction of wheat growth and development, Therefore, by evaluating the effects of drought stress on the studied cultivars, it is possible to identify the most favorable cultivars and use them for future breeding purposes. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to identify drought tolerant cultivars and their characteristics with the help of drought tolerant indices that cause higher yield in dry climatic conditions. Material and Methods: The present experiment was designed and implemented in the educational-research farm of Payame Noor University, Asadabad center, in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in two conditions of moisture treatment in the crop year 2015-2016. Moisture treatment was carried out in the conditions of drought stress in the form of interruption of irrigation after flowering and in conditions without drought stress. Were used in this research number 14 cultivar of old and new varieties of bread wheat. Drought Tolerance indices were used in this research. Results: The results of mean comparing of this experiment showed that the highest mean yield in the conditions without drought stress and drought stress condition was cultivar No. 10 and 2, respectively. Cultivar No, 10, 2 and 6 had the highest Stress Tolerance index, Mean Productivity, Geometric Mean Productivity, Harmonic index, Abiotic-Stress Tolerance index, Modified Stress Tolerance index in without Drought Stress, Modified Stress Tolerance index in Drought Stress and Stress Tolerance Score Indices. The results of the correlation analysis between the indices and the mean yield in the non-drought stress conditions and drought stress condition showed that the most suitable indices for screening cultivars in two environmental conditions were STI, ATI, K1STI, K2STI, STS, MP, HAM and GMP. Also, Principal Components Analysis showed that 69.3% of the changes of the examined variables in the of non-drought stress conditions and drought stress conditions can be explained by the first component and 99.4% of the said changes can be explained by the first and second components. Conclusion: In this study, STI, ATI, K1STI, K2STI, STS, MP, HAM and GMP indexes were found to be favorable. Therefore, these indices were able to identify drought tolerant cultivars with optimal performance in both environmental conditions under investigation (non-drought stress conditions and drought stress conditions). The cultivars that were able to be selected in both environmental conditions by the mentioned indices included cultivars No. 10, 2 and 6, respectively.